Aim and Background: The main purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of applied behavioral analysis (ABA) approach on symptoms of autistic children during a five-year period.Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 autistic children (3-7 years of age) were intervened by ABA approach at Isfahan Center of Autism for a period of five years (2007-12). Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) was filled out at baseline and at the end of the five-year period. Besides, the subjects were assessed by a checklist including cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help at the beginning of the study and at the end of each year. After five years, all collected data was analyzed with SPSS19.Findings: Pretest and the posttest values of stereotypic behaviors, communication problems, social interactions, and GARS total scores were significantly different (P<0.001). Furthermore, significant improvements in cognitive comprehension, mathematical and verbal skills, and self-help were observed after each year and at the end of the five-year period (P<0.001).Conclusions: On the whole, it can be concluded that ABA-based interventions can effectively reduce symptoms of autism and increase skills.

The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral disorders among adolescents' individual and team athletes and non-athletes. The subjects included 188 students 12-14 years were selected and divided to individual and team athletes and non-athletes groups. According to results from parents viewpoint questionnaire showed that in all aspects of behavioral disorder except social maladjustment, team field athletes better than other groups. Also these coaches and teachers of comments, in depression-anxiety and attention deficit subscale, team field athletes better than status the other groups. Thus, according to results can be excluded that the different exercise especially team athletes can affect in prevention and decreasing adolescents of behavioral disorders so that it can used as efficient method along modern methods.

Breakdown of reporting detected misstatements can cause serious problems because it reflects poor audit quality and can lead audit firm to failures. Due to the magnitude of the quality of auditors’ work, many studies have attempted to identify influencing factors on auditors’ intention to act ethically. This study ascertains how external auditors decide to report the detected misstatements in terms of their individual characteristics, ethical culture and team norms according to the theory of planned behavior. Data are collected using 257 survey questionnaires which are distributed among audit seniors. Statistical analyses indicate that ethical culture and team norm moderate the influence of individual factors on auditors’ intention of reporting misstatements. In fact, the association between locus of control, personality type and auditors’ work quality moderate by audit firm ethical culture and team norms.

In recent decades, the sport organizations have recognized the importance of consumer behavior and therefore the attention to some variables that might be affective on behavioral intentions and satisfaction of customers, increasingly became more important. Using SEM, the study is to determine the causal relationship between spectators’ Team Identity with their satisfaction and behavioral intentions. To collect the data, these questionnaires were used after confirming their validity and reliability: team identity (Trail and James, 2001); behavioral intentions (Youshida and James, 2010) and overall satisfaction (Oliver, 1980). Statistical population were all spectators of Tabriz Tractor Sazi football team in Yadegar-e-Emam Stadium and regarding to Cochran formula for determining the samples number, 289 persons were participated and selected using un accidental and volunteer sampling. The research method was descriptive and for data analyzing the descriptive statistic, correlation tests and SEM were used. The findings of track analysis showed that team identity of spectators is of impact on their behavioral intentions and satisfaction of them (B=0/69, 0/45). Regarding to the findings, we can present strategies for reinforcing the team identity of spectators and because of mediating role of perceived quality, we can say that managers should focus on developing the quality of service in stadiums.

ObjectivePublic interest in behavioral interventions within the field of public policy has expanded significantly in recent years, largely due to a growing understanding of human behavior and decision-making. In Iran, there is increasing recognition of the need for both theoretical and practical considerations in the adoption of behavioral policy-making. This article examines the feasibility and strategic approach for establishing behavioral insight teams within Iran’s executive structure and decision-making processes. By drawing on experiences from both advanced and developing countries that have integrated behavioral insight teams into their governance frameworks, the study focuses on the potential establishment of a behavioral insight policy institution within the policy-making apparatus of Iran. Additionally, it evaluates the key organizational and structural considerations necessary for successfully embedding such an institution within the executive framework of the country.MethodsThis study adopts a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing thematic analysis to obtain an in-depth understanding of expert perspectives on behavioral policy. The target population includes university faculty members, executives, specialists, and practitioners active in the field of behavioral policy. Using snowball sampling, a total of 14 participants were initially interviewed, with two additional interviews conducted to ensure theoretical saturation. Experts were asked to respond to 10 structured sub-questions, eliciting their views on the feasibility of establishing a behavioral insight policy body and the organizational considerations for embedding it within Iran’s executive structure. Through this rigorous interview process, a wealth of qualitative data was gathered to assess both the potential and the challenges associated with forming a dedicated behavioral insight institution.ResultsThe literature review summarizes the experiences of countries with behavioral insight teams, presenting them in three areas: operational goals and tasks, institutional and organizational structure, and legal frameworks. Based on interviews with Iranian experts, the study identified 294 fundamental themes, which were organized into 8 main categories, including organizational structure, legal considerations, societal behavior, behavioral tendencies of government officials, bureaucratic ethics, and the degree of acceptance of theoretical concepts related to organizational behavior. These themes highlight both enabling factors and potential barriers to establishing a behavioral insight team within Iran’s unique governance context.ConclusionThe study suggests that successful implementation of behavioral management systems in Iran requires careful attention to institutional, philosophical, and behavioral considerations. Institutionally, it is recommended that behavioral insight teams operate outside the primary administrative governance body to maintain objectivity. After harmonization, evaluation, awareness-building, and non-mandatory recommendations, these teams can be gradually integrated within the governance structure. From a behavioral perspective, policymakers must deepen their understanding of both Iranian societal and government officials' behaviors to tailor interventions effectively. Given Iran's cultural orientation toward ideological rather than technocratic rationality, behavioral interventions must be adapted to an Iranian narrative. An Iran-specific approach to behavioral policy, emphasizing culturally resonant nudges and superstructural adjustments, is necessary to ensure acceptance and efficacy.

One of the issues that occurs in teamwork environments is the impact of cohort or team decisions on the decision of other cohorts. Nowadays, this effect becomes a dilemma when one of the members of the group offers less effort against more reward. In this situation, if other members of the group follow this behavior by this decision and they dodge, they will eventually end up or the team's performance will decline. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation of religiosity with team performance and individual decisions using a laboratory environment and performing two-player complete, static and dynamic games; complete and incomplete. The results from 182 samples and 2184 observation showed that the percentage of team participation that both players endeavor to perform in the high religiosity range is more than moderate and low in the range of religiosity. In contrast, the results showed that team production of players with a lower level of religiosity was more than the production of a team of high and moderate level players. The results of religiosity correlation with people's decision also showed that individuals with high religiousness at high rewards did not have a specific impact on their cohort's decision and decided independently. However, in moderate, this independence was observed only in the simultaneous game at both lower and upper reward levels.